Ethylammonium nitrate enhances the extraction of transition metal nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)

Several molecular polar solvents have been used as solvents of the more polar phase in the solvent extraction (SX) of metals. However, the use of hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents has seldomly been explored for this application. Here, the hydrophilic IL ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), has been utilized as a polar solvent in SX of transition metal nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). It was found that the extraction from EAN is considerably stronger than that from a range of molecular polar solvents. The main species of Co(II) and Fe(III) in EAN are likely [Co(NO3)(4)](2-) and [Fe(NO3)(4)](-), respectively. The extracted species are likely Fe(TBP)(3)(NO3)(3) and a mixture of Co(TBP)(2)(NO3)(2) and Co(TBP)(3)(NO3)(2). The addition of H2O or LiCl to EAN reduces the extraction because the metal cations coordinate to water molecules and chloride ions stronger than to nitrate ions. This study highlights the potential of using hydrophilic ILs to enhance SX of metals.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates that utilizing hydrophilic ionic liquids such as EAN can enhance the solvent extraction of transition metal nitrates compared to traditional molecular polar solvents.