Development and validation of the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire (RISE-Q): A novel tool to characterize satiation

A variety of factors can influence satiation, and individual differences in reasons for meal termination may help to explain variability in food intake and susceptibility to overconsumption. We developed and validated a questionnaire to characterize the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating (RISE-Q). The initial RISE-Q was created by reviewing the published literature and identifying 47 reasons why individuals might stop eating. The RISE-Q asks respondents to rate how often each reason influences why they stop eating at a typical dinner meal by using a seven-point scale. Adults (N = 477, 77% women) from a participant database completed a survey online that included the initial RISE-Q and the satiation-related Satiety Responsiveness and Food Responsiveness scales of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ). Self-reported height and weight were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). The survey also assessed self-reported typical meal size. After factor analysis, the RISE-Q retained 31 items and identified five distinct scales of reasons for stopping eating: Decreased Food Appeal (mean +/- SD: 2.6 +/- 0.05, Cronbach's alpha = 0.89), Physical Satisfaction (5.0 +/- 0.04, alpha = 0.85), Planned Amount (4.4 +/- 0.05, alpha = 0.82), Self-Consciousness (2.4 +/- 0.05, alpha = 0.88), and Decreased Priority of Eating (2.3 +/- 0.04, alpha = 0.69). Thus, the most frequently reported reasons for meal termination were related to Physical Satisfaction and Planned Amount. Each RISE-Q scale was significantly correlated with at least one of the satiation-related AEBQ scales, suggesting that the RISE-Q has construct validity. RISE-Q scales were also correlated with BMI and measures of typical meal size. The RISE-Q provides a novel tool to assess differences across individuals in reported reasons for eating cessation. The RISE-Q can aid in further understanding risk factors for overconsumption and has potential clinical utility in the design of targeted weight-management interventions.

Automated summary

A questionnaire (RISE-Q) was developed to characterize reasons for meal termination with 47 influencing factors identified and separated into five distinct scales through factor analysis. Physical Satisfaction and Planned Amount were found to be the most frequently reported reasons for meal termination. The RISE-Q scales showed significant correlations with satiation-related scales, BMI, and measures of typical meal size, indicating potential clinical utility for targeted weight-management interventions.