Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 1519-1538Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08947
Keywords
MSC; extracellular vesicle; regenerative medicine; TFAM; mitochondria; mtDNA
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [32071453, 31871001, 81571808, 81974552]
- Sichuan Science and Technology Program [2019YJ0069]
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics [Z20192002]
- 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence [ZYGD18014]
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University
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The study demonstrates that MSC-EVs can alleviate mtDNA damage and inflammation after acute kidney injury, with their effects partially dependent on the TFAM signaling pathway. This suggests that MSC-EVs are promising nanotherapeutics for diseases characterized by mitochondrial damage, highlighting the essential role of TFAM in maintaining their regenerative capacity.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of injury to numerous tissues and stem cell aging. Although the tissue regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) is well known, their specific role in regulating mitochondrial function in target cells remains elusive. Here, we report that MSC-EVs attenuated mtDNA damage and inflammation after acute kidney injury (AKI) and that this effect was at least partially dependent on the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) pathway. In detail, TFAM and mtDNA were depleted by oxidative stress in MSCs from aged or diabetic donors. Higher levels of TFAM mRNA and mtDNA were detected in normal control (NC) MSC-EVs than in TFAM-knockdown (TFAM-KD) and aged EVs. EV-mediated TFAM mRNA transfer in recipient cells was unaffected by transcriptional inhibition. Accordingly, the application of MSC-EVs restored TFAM protein and TFAM-mtDNA complex (nucleoid) stability, thereby reversing mtDNA deletion and mitochondria] oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects in injured renal tubular cells. Loss of TFAM also led to downregulation of multiple anti-inflammatory miRNAs and proteins in MSC-EVs. In vivo, intravenously injected EVs primarily accumulated in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. MSC-EVs attenuated renal lesion formation, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation in mice with MU, whereas EVs from TFAM-KD or aged MSCs resulted in poor therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, TFAM overexpression (TFAM-OE) improved the rescue effect of MSC-EVs on mitochondrial damage and inflammation to some extent. This study suggests that MSC-EVs are promising nanotherapeutics for diseases characterized by mitochondrial damage, and TFAM signaling is essential for maintaining their regenerative capacity.
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