Solid-State Organic Electrolyte-Gated Transistors Based on Doping-Controlled Polymer Composites with a Confined Two-Dimensional Channel in Dry Conditions

We report comprehensive and comparative studies on chemical and electrochemical controls of doping characteristics of various poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composites complexed with sulfonates. Chemical treatment of PEDOT composites was conducted with a dedoping agent, tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE), resulting in the changes in conformation and bulk charge-carrier density. Electrochemical control of doping states was done with a solid-state ionogel based on an ionic liquid dispersed in a polymer matrix. With this approach, we can fabricate solid-state organic electrolyte-gated transistors (OEGTs) with a large current modulation, a high mobility of holes, and a low driving voltage. Our OEGTs are operational in a dry environment and, surprisingly, form the two-dimensional channel of the interfacial charge carriers modulating the conductance under gate bias, unlike conventional liquid-based OEGTs. The charge-carrier mobility and the on-to-off current ratio reach up to similar to 7 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and over 10(4), respectively, from the chemically dedoped PEDOT composites. The ionogel-based gating of the layer of TDAE-treated PEDOT composites induces a reversible transition between a highly doped bipolaronic state and neutral/polaronic states, as revealed by the absorption profiles under gate bias. We also demonstrate in-plane OEGTs, in which the dedoped channel and the conductive source/drain electrodes are made of a single PEDOT composite layer.

Automated summary

Comprehensive and comparative studies were conducted on the doping characteristics of various PEDOT composites complexed with sulfonates through chemical and electrochemical controls. Solid-state OEGTs with large current modulation, high hole mobility, and low driving voltage were fabricated using a dedoping agent and an ionogel based on an ionic liquid dispersed in a polymer matrix. The ionogel-based gating of TDAE-treated PEDOT composites induced a reversible transition between highly doped bipolaronic state and neutral/polaronic states, achieving high charge-carrier mobility and on-to-off current ratio.