Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 51, Pages 56792-56804Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17456
Keywords
multilayer capsules; positron emission tomography; layer-by-layer; theranostic; molecular imaging
Funding
- NSF DMR [1608728]
- NSF MRI [1828232]
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center [P30CA013148]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1828232, 1608728] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Radionuclide-functionalized drug delivery vehicles capable of being imaged via positron emission tomography (PET) are of increasing interest in the biomedical field as they can reveal the in vivo behavior of encapsulated therapeutics with high sensitivity. However, the majority of current PET-guided theranostic agents suffer from poor retention of radiometal over time, low drug loading capacities, and time-limited PET imaging capability. To overcome these challenges, we have developed hollow microcapsules with a thin (<100 nm) multilayer shell as advanced theranostic delivery systems for multiday PET tracking in vivo. The 3 mu m capsules were fabricated via the aqueous multilayer assembly of a natural antioxidant, tannic acid (TA), and a poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) copolymer containing monomer units functionalized with deferoxamine (DFO) to chelate the Zr-89 radionuclide, which has a half-life of 3.3 days. We have found using radiochromatography that (TA/PVPON-DFO)(6) capsules retained on average 17% more Zr-89 than their (TA/PVPON)(6) counterparts, which suggests that the covalent attachment of the DFO to PVPON provides stable Zr-89 chelation. In vivo PET imaging studies performed in mice demonstrated that excellent stability and imaging contrast were still present 7 days postinjection. Animal biodistribution analyses showed that capsules primarily accumulated in the spleen, liver, and lungs with negligible accumulation in the femur, with the latter confirming the stable binding of the radiotracer to the capsule walls. The application of therapeutic ultrasound (US) (60 s of 20 kHz US at 120 W cm(-2)) to Zr-functionalized capsules could release the hydrophilic anticancer drug doxorubicin from the capsules in the therapeutic amounts. Polymeric capsules with the capability of extended in vivo PET-based tracking and US-induced drug release provide an advanced platform for development of precision-targeted therapeutic carriers and could aid in the development of more effective drug delivery systems.
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