Journal
BIOMEDICINES
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090307
Keywords
integrin ligands; tumor-targeting nanoparticles; peptide conjugates; RGD peptides; drug delivery; smart nanomaterials; cell adhesion; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine
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Funding
- PRIN Program [PRIN20157WW5EH]
- Department of Excellence Program (MIUR) [L. 232 01/12/2016]
- Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna [IntegrAl-328bis/2017]
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Integrins are a family of cell surface receptors crucial to fundamental cellular functions such as adhesion, signaling, and viability, deeply involved in a variety of diseases, including the initiation and progression of cancer, of coronary, inflammatory, or autoimmune diseases. The natural ligands of integrins are glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface or proteins of the extracellular matrix. For this reason, short peptides or peptidomimetic sequences that reproduce the integrin-binding motives have attracted much attention as potential drugs. When challenged in clinical trials, these peptides/peptidomimetics let to contrasting and disappointing results. In the search for alternative utilizations, the integrin peptide ligands have been conjugated onto nanoparticles, materials, or drugs and drug carrier systems, for specific recognition or delivery of drugs to cells overexpressing the targeted integrins. Recent research in peptidic integrin ligands is exploring new opportunities, in particular for the design of nanostructured, micro-fabricated, cell-responsive, stimuli-responsive, smart materials.
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