Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 10, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom10101457
Keywords
fatty acid; knockout mouse; lipid mediator; lipidomics; lysophospholipid; membrane; phospholipase A(2); phospholipid
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JP16H02613, JP20H05691]
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development [AMED-CREST 20gm1210013, FORCE 19gm4010005]
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The phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) superfamily contains more than 50 enzymes in mammals that are subdivided into several distinct families on a structural and biochemical basis. In principle, PLA(2) has the capacity to hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids, yet several enzymes in this superfamily catalyze other reactions rather than or in addition to the PLA(2) reaction. PLA(2) enzymes play crucial roles in not only the production of lipid mediators, but also membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and body surface barrier, thereby participating in a number of biological events. Accordingly, disturbance of PLA(2)-regulated lipid metabolism is often associated with various diseases. This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA(2) superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLA(2)s in vivo.
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