Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.575442
Keywords
nutrition; diet; genetics; epigenetics; gut microbiota; type 2 diabetes
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81700750]
- Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [2019A1515111174]
- Shenzhen Outbound post-doctoral research funding [CZBSHKYJJ002]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University [19ykpy02]
- Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Outstanding Youth Reserve Talent Science Fund [FBJQ2019004]
- Basic Research Startup Project of The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University [GCCRCYJ022]
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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rapidly growing epidemic, which leads to increased mortality rates and health care costs. Nutrients (namely, carbohydrates, fat, protein, mineral substances, and vitamin), sensing, and management are central to metabolic homeostasis, therefore presenting a leading factor contributing to T2D. Understanding the comprehensive effects and the underlying mechanisms of nutrition in regulating glucose metabolism and the interactions of diet with genetics, epigenetics, and gut microbiota is helpful for developing new strategies to prevent and treat T2D. In this review, we discuss different mechanistic pathways contributing to T2D and then summarize the current researches concerning associations between different nutrients intake and glucose homeostasis. We also explore the possible relationship between nutrients and genetic background, epigenetics, and metagenomics in terms of the susceptibility and treatment of T2D. For the specificity of individual, precision nutrition depends on the person's genotype, and microbiota is vital to the prevention and intervention of T2D.
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