Assessment of Cell-Free Long Non-Coding RNA-H19 and miRNA-29a, miRNA-29b Expression and Severity of Diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] has been one of the common diseases and is characterized by increased blood glucose levels and suggested that cell-free non-coding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to serve as important diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in diabetes. Materials/Methods: The present study included clinically confirmed newly diagnosed 200 cases of T2DM and 200 healthy subjects, and all the parameters were taken care in diagnosis. Blood samples collected in plain vials were used for cell-free total RNA extraction and after that 100ng of total RNA was used to synthesize the cDNA for cell-free lncRNA H19, miRNA-29a, and miRNA-29b expression using quantitative real-time PCR method. Serum Biochemical parameters were analyzed after collection of the sample to observe the changes among T2DM cases and healthy controls. Results: It was observed that type 2 diabetic patients had decreased [0.59 fold] lncRNA H19 expression while increased miRNA-29a [5.62 fold] and miRNA-29b [5.58 fold] expression. Decreased expression of lncRNA H19 was observed to be associated with gender [p=0.004], hypertension [p<0.0001], weight loss [p=0.02] and fatigue [p=0.02]. Increased miRNA29a expression was linked with hypertension [p<0.0001], alcoholism [p=0.04], and smoking [p<0.0001] as well as miRNA-29b expression was associated with hypertension [p=0.0001], weight loss [p=0.002], smoking [p=0.0002], alcoholism [p<0.0001]. Low [<= 1 fold] and high [>1 fold] expression of lncRNA H19 expression was linked with miRNA-29a [p=0.005] and miRNA-29b [p<0.0001] expression. lncRNA H19 expression showed negative correlation with miRNA-29a expression [r= -27, p<0.0001] and miRNA-29b [r= -47, p<0.0001]. Conclusion: The present study concluded that lower lncRNA H19 expression, and increased miRNA-29b, a miRNA-29b expression associated with the severity of T2DM patients. Decreased lncRNA H19 expression, and increased miRNA-29b, miRNA-29b expression observed to be interrelated with clinicopathological findings of T2DM patients could involve in pathogenesis disease.