Journal
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2020EA001321
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research (BSION program)
- NASA [NNH16ZDA001N-HSR/ITM16_2-0013, NNH14ZDA001N-GIODDE14_2/NNH15AZ72I, NNG17PX04I, S50029G]
- NASA's Early Career Investigator Program [NNH18ZDA001N-ECIP/18-ECIP 2-801 0018]
- Canadian Space Agency
- National Science Foundation [AGS-1136272, AGS-1452351]
- State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU [ESP2017-87143-R]
- Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award [SEV-2017-0709]
- EC FEDER funds
- U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1952737]
- NSF [1759573, AGS-1829138]
- CSU/USU lidar over the years: the National Science Foundation [AGS-1041571, AGS-1135882, AGS-1734333, AGS-1136082]
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1759573] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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NRLMSIS* 2.0 is an empirical atmospheric model that extends from ground to exobase, describing temperature and species densities of atmosphere based on location, time, solar and geomagnetic activities. The upgraded model shows improved accuracy in certain layers while also lowering species densities in the thermosphere.
NRLMSIS* 2.0 is an empirical atmospheric model that extends from the ground to the exobase and describes the average observed behavior of temperature, eight species densities, and mass density via a parametric analytic formulation. The model inputs are location, day of year, time of day, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. NRLMSIS 2.0 is a major, reformulated upgrade of the previous version, NRLMSISE-00. The model now couples thermospheric species densities to the entire column, via an effective mass profile that transitions each species from the fully mixed region below similar to 70 km altitude to the diffusively separated region above similar to 200 km. Other changes include the extension of atomic oxygen down to 50 km and the use of geopotential height as the internal vertical coordinate. We assimilated extensive new lower and middle atmosphere temperature, O, and H data, along with global average thermospheric mass density derived from satellite orbits, and we validated the model against independent samples of these data. In the mesosphere and below, residual biases and standard deviations are considerably lower than NRLMSISE-00. The new model is warmer in the upper troposphere and cooler in the stratosphere and mesosphere. In the thermosphere, N-2 and O densities arc lower in NRLMSIS 2.0; otherwise, the NRLMSISE-00 thermosphere is largely retained. Future advances in thermospheric specification will likely require new in situ mass spectrometer measurements, new techniques for species density measurement between 100 and 200 km, and the reconciliation of systematic biases among thermospheric temperature and composition data sets, including biases attributable to long-term changes.
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