Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 6, Issue 39, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2648
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG
- German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC-2082/1-390761711]
- JSPS [JP20H00661, JP19H05719]
- Nakatani Foundation
- German-Japanese University Alliance (HeKKSaGOn Alliance)
- Carl Zeiss Foundation
- Karlsruhe Nanostructure Service Laboratory (NSL)
- Helmholtz programs Science and Technology of Nanosystems (STN)
- BioInterfaces in Technology and Medicine (BIFTM)
- Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP)
- Heidelberg Karlsruhe Strategic Partnership (HEiKA) graduate school Functional Materials
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Australian Research Council (ARC)
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Many essential cellular processes are regulated by mechanical properties of their microenvironment. Here, we introduce stimuli-responsive composite scaffolds fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) laser lithography to simultaneously stretch large numbers of single cells in tailored 3D microenvironments. The key material is a stimuli-responsive photoresist containing cross-links formed by noncovalent, directional interactions between.-cyclodextrin (host) and adamantane (guest). This allows reversible actuation under physiological conditions by application of soluble competitive guests. Cells adhering in these scaffolds build up initial traction forces of similar to 80 nN. After application of an equibiaxial stretch of up to 25%, cells remodel their actin cytoskeleton, double their traction forces, and equilibrate at a new dynamic set point within 30 min. When the stretch is released, traction forces gradually decrease until the initial set point is retrieved. Pharmacological inhibition or knockout of nonmuscle myosin 2A prevents these adjustments, suggesting that cellular tensional homeostasis strongly depends on functional myosin motors.
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