Spectral-scaling-based extension to the attached eddy model of wall turbulence

Two-dimensional (2D) spectra of the streamwise velocity component, measured at friction Reynolds numbers ranging from 2400 to 26 000, are used to refine a model for the logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers. Here we focus on the attached eddy model (AEM). The conventional AEM assumes the boundary layer to be populated with hierarchies of self-similar wall-attached (Type A) eddies alone. While Type A eddies represent the dominant energetic large-scale motions at high Reynolds numbers, the scales that are not represented by such eddies are observed to carry a significant proportion of the total kinetic energy. Therefore, in the present study, we propose an extended AEM that incorporates two additional representative eddies. These eddies, named Type C-A and Type SS, represent the self-similar but wall-incoherent low-Reynolds-number features and the non-self-similar wall-coherent superstructures, respectively. The extended AEM is shown to better predict a greater range of energetic length scales and capture the low- and high-Reynolds-number scaling trends in the 2D spectra of all three velocity components. A discussion on spectral self-similarity and the associated k(-1) scaling law is also presented.