Hormonal control of the development of the gynoecium

Flowering plants are called angiosperms and most of their flowers produce at their center a pistil or a gynoecium, which is the female reproductive structure. After a double fertilization event, the gynoecium develops into a fruit with great importance for the plant because it protects and helps the dispersion of a new generation, and, for humans is a key nutritional source. Over 20 years, Arabidopsis thaliana has been used to discover important genes for gynoecium development, and in the early years, auxin was already proposed to play a role. More recently, new discoveries are unveiling the importance of other hormones, particularly cytokinins, and providing insights about the action of these hormones in gynoecium development, which is the focus of this review. One of the next challenges is to further refine the knowledge about the mechanisms by which hormones shape the gynoecium, understand the communication among them and their interactions with transcription factors that altogether guide gynoecium development.