Application of nanoscale zero-valent iron in hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil: A review

Chromium (Cr) is a common toxic heavy metal that is widely used in all kinds of industries, causing a series of environmental problems. Nanoscale zero- valent iron (nZVI) is considered to be an ideal remediation material for contaminated soil, especially for heavy metal pollutants. As a material of low toxicity and good activity, nZVI has been widely applied in the in situ remediation of soil hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) with mobility and toxicity in recent years. In this paper, some current technologies for the preparation of nZVI are summarized and the remediation mechanism of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil is proposed. Five classified modified nZVI materials are introduced and their remediation processes in Cr(VI)-contaminated soil are summarized. Key factors affecting the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil by nZVI are studied. Interaction mechanisms between nZVI-based materials and Cr(VI) are explored. This study provides a comprehensive review of the nZVI materials for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil, which is conducive to reducing soil pollution.