Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue -, Pages 128-134Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.013
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Funding
- BBSRC [BB/M014525/1]
- Wellcome Trust [102549/Z/13/Z, 097377/Z/11/Z]
- Royal Society [102549/Z/13/Z]
- MRC
- University of Aberdeen [MR/N006364/1]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M014525/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/N006364/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/M014525/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/N006364/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Wellcome Trust [097377/Z/11/Z, 102549/Z/13/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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All organisms must secure essential trace nutrients, including iron, zinc, manganese and copper for survival and proliferation. However, these very nutrients are also highly toxic if present at elevated levels. Mammalian immunity has harnessed both the essentiality and toxicity of micronutrients to defend against microbial invasion processes known collectively as 'nutritional immunity'. Therefore, pathogenic microbes must possess highly effective micronutrient assimilation and detoxification mechanisms to survive and proliferate within the infected host. In this review we compare and contrast the micronutrient homeostatic mechanisms of Cryptococcus and Candida - yeasts which, despite ancient evolutionary divergence, account for over a million life -threatening infections per year. We focus on two emerging arenas within the host pathogen battle for essential trace metals: adaptive responses to zinc limitation and copper availability.
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