Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 2765-2774Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2020.2975061
Keywords
Frequency control; Fluctuations; Doubly fed induction generators; Power smoothing; Wind turbines; Rotors; Power smoothing; grid flexibility; frequency regulation; reserve; energy-absorbing capability
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Funding
- Korea Electric Power Corporation [R18XA06-80]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2018R1D1A1B07048098]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [4199990114627] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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This article proposes a power-smoothing scheme for a variable-speed wind turbine generator (WTG) that can maintain the frequency within a narrow range under normal operations. The proposed scheme uses an additional control loop based on the frequency deviation that operates in conjunction with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). To improve the energy-absorbing capability in the overfrequency section (OFS) and energy-releasing capability in the underfrequency section (UFS), the scheme suggests separate control gains, which are determined based on the ratio of the output of the additional loop to that of the MPPT loop. The ratio in the OFS is set to decrease with respect to the rotor speed whereas the ratio in the UFS is set to increase with respect to the rotor speed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly lessen the WTG output power fluctuations by adjusting the control gains of the UFS and the OFS even though the WTG output power is severely fluctuating, thereby mitigating the frequency fluctuations. The scheme effectively uses the heavy rotating masses of a WTG as an energy storage system for enhancing the power grid flexibility in terms of frequency, particularly in high penetration levels of variable renewable energy.
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