Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue -, Pages 77-84Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.06.006
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Funding
- Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
- B&J Cardan Oncology Research Fund
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- NIH [1K99CA187192-01A1, PHS NRSA 5T32 CA09302-35]
- US Department of Defense [W81XWH-12-1-0498]
- Siebel Stem Cell Institute
- Thomas and Stacey Siebel Foundation
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Tumors are complex ecosystems comprised of diverse cell types including malignant cells, mesenchymal cells, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs). While TILs are well known to play important roles in many aspects of cancer biology, recent developments in immuno-oncology have spurred considerable interest in TILs, particularly in relation to their optimal engagement by emerging immunotherapies. Traditionally, the enumeration of TIL phenotypic diversity and composition in solid tumors has relied on resolving single cells by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical methods. However, advances in genome-wide technologies and computational methods are now allowing TILs to be profiled with increasingly high resolution and accuracy directly from RNA mixtures of bulk tumor samples. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of in silico tumor dissection methods, and illustrate examples of how these strategies can be applied to characterize TILs in human tumors to facilitate personalized cancer therapy.
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