Journal
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596914
Keywords
tRNA; non-canonical; genetic code expansion; identity elements; translation; selenocysteine; pyrrolysine; mitochondria
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R35GM122560]
- DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-98ER20311]
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Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the central molecule in genetically encoded protein synthesis. Most tRNA species were found to be very similar in structure: the well-known cloverleaf secondary structure and L-shaped tertiary structure. Furthermore, the length of the acceptor arm, T-arm, and anticodon arm were found to be closely conserved. Later research discovered naturally occurring, active tRNAs that did not fit the established 'canonical' tRNA structure. This review discusses the non-canonical structures of some well-characterized natural tRNA species and describes how these structures relate to their role in translation. Additionally, we highlight some newly discovered tRNAs in which the structure-function relationship is not yet fully understood.
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