Oral and Fecal Microbiome in Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis

In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal microbiomes of GC/MIP and compared to non-affected individuals (Control). Seven Afro-descendants with GC/MIP and seven age/race/gender-matched controls were evaluated. Biofilms from supra/subgingival sites (OB) and feces were collected and submitted to16S rRNAsequencing.Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) JP2 clone genotyping and salivary nitrite levels were determined. Supragingival biofilm of GC/MIP presented greater abundance of opportunistic bacteria.Selenomonaswas increased in subgingival healthy sites of GC/MIP compared to Control.SynergistetesandSpirochaetaewere more abundant whereasActinobacteriawas reduced in OB of GC/MIP compared to controls.Aaabundance was 50 times higher in periodontal sites with PD >= 4 mm of GC/MIP than in controls. GC/MIP oral microbiome was characterized by a reduction in commensals such asKingella, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Bergeyella, andStreptococcusand enrichment in periodontopathogens, especiallyAaand sulfate reducingDeltaproteobacteria. The oral microbiome of theAaJP2-like+ patient was phylogenetically distant from other GC/MIP individuals. GC/MIP presented a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria in the feces, such asDesulfovibrio fairfieldensis, Erysipelothrix tonsillarum, andPeptostreptococcus anaerobiusthan controls. These preliminary data show that the dysbiosis of the microbiome in Afro-descendants with GC/MIP was not restricted to affected sites, but was also observed in supragingival and subgingival healthy sites, as well as in the feces. The understanding on differences of the microbiome between healthy and GC/MIP patients will help in developing strategies to improve and monitor periodontal treatment.