Journal
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00946-x
Keywords
Coronaviruses; Epigenetics; Nucleic acids; Aging; Metabolism; Chronic disease
Categories
Funding
- Italian Ministry of Health, (Ricerca Corrente and 5 x 1000)
- Progetto di Rete IRCCS Aging IRMA
- EU-CardioRNA COST ACTION [CA17129]
- Ricerca Corrente Italian Ministry of Health, Progetto IMMUNHUB Regione Lombardia e progetto di rete cardiovascolare IRCCS
- Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata 2018 [SG-2018-12366446]
- Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente and 5 x 1000)
- Telethon Foundation [GGP19035A, 23054]
- Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) ( [PRIN2017S55RXB]
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Epigenetics is a relatively new field of science that studies the genetic and non-genetic aspects related to heritable phenotypic changes, frequently caused by environmental and metabolic factors. In the host, the epigenetic machinery can regulate gene expression through a series of reversible epigenetic modifications, such as histone methylation and acetylation, DNA/RNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China, and spread worldwide, causes it. COVID-19 severity and consequences largely depend on patient age and health status. In this review, we will summarize and comparatively analyze how viruses regulate the host epigenome. Mainly, we will be focusing on highly pathogenic respiratory RNA virus infections such as coronaviruses. In this context, epigenetic alterations might play an essential role in the onset of coronavirus disease complications. Although many therapeutic approaches are under study, more research is urgently needed to identify effective vaccine or safer chemotherapeutic drugs, including epigenetic drugs, to cope with this viral outbreak and to develop pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19.
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