Journal
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages 805-809Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X14666160225154536
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus; diabetic retinopathy; inflammatory process; neurodegeneration; oxidative stress; retina
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Diabetic retinopathy is generally considered as a microvascular disease which develops as a result of chronic hyperglycaemia. However, the neuronal apoptosis and reactive gliosis are recently postulated as early changes in diabetic retinopathy. This phenomenon is described as a neurodegeneration and suggests that diabetic retinopathy should be recognized as a neurovascular complication. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms leading to the neurodegeneration of the retina in diabetic patients including: low-grade inflammatory process, oxidative stress, activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, glutamate excitotoxicity and imbalance in the neuroprotective factors. Secondly, we point out the clinical significance of measuring the retinal neurodegeneration.
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