Journal
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 25, Issue 26, Pages 3141-3159Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666161213101126
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; pathophysiology; treatment; acetylcholinesterase; beta-secretase; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
Funding
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (UNIFAP)
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry of Federal University of Amapa (UNIFAP)
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto in University of Sao Paulo
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Dementia is characterized by the impairment of cognition and behavior of people over 65 years. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the world, as approximately 47 million people are affected by this disease and the tendency is that this number will increase to 62% by 2030. Two microscopic features assist in the characterization of the disease, the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary agglomerates. All these factors are responsible for the slow and gradual deterioration of memory that affect language, personality or cognitive control. For the AD diagnosis, neuropsychological tests are performed in different spheres of cognitive functions but since not all cognitive functions may be affected, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are used along with these tests. To date, cholinesterase inhibitors are used as treatment, they are the only drugs that have shown significant improvements in the cognitive functions of AD patients. Despite the proven effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors, an AD carrier, even while being treated, is continually subjected to progressive degeneration of the neuronal tissue. For this reason, other biochemical pathways associated with the pathophysiology of AD have been explored as alternatives to the treatment of this condition such as inhibition of beta-secretase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta. The present study aims to conduct a review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, emphasizing the research and development of new therapeutic approaches.
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