4.7 Review

Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome

Journal

NUTRIENTS
Volume 12, Issue 9, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu12092785

Keywords

mitochondria; metabolic syndrome; mitochondrial dysfunction; balanced diet; nutrients; lifestyle

Funding

  1. Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) [PI1800498, PI1800451]
  2. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), all initiatives of ISCIII
  3. FEDER (`Una manera de hacer Europa')
  4. Fundacio Privada Cellex
  5. Suports a Grups de Recerca [2017 SGR 893]
  6. CERCA programs from the Generalitat de Catalunya

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global nutrition report shows that whilst part of the world's population starves, the other part suffers from obesity and associated complications. A balanced diet counterparts these extreme conditions with the proper proportion, composition, quantity, and presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, little is known on the way these components exert any influence on our health. These nutrients aiming to feed our bodies, our tissues, and our cells, first need to reach mitochondria, where they are decomposed into CO2 and H2O to obtain energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and mainly responsible for nutrients metabolism, but they are also the main source of oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis. Unappropriated nutrients may support mitochondrial to become the Trojan horse in the cell. This review aims to provide an approach to the role that some nutrients exert on mitochondria as a major contributor to high prevalent Western conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of pathologic conditions which promotes type II diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Clinical and experimental data extracted from in vitro animal and cell models further demonstrated in patients, support the idea that a balanced diet, in a healthy lifestyle context, promotes proper bioenergetic and mitochondrial function, becoming the best medicine to prevent the onset and progression of MetS. Any advance in the prevention and management of these prevalent complications help to face these challenging global health problems, by ameliorating the quality of life of patients and reducing the associated sociosanitary burden.

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