Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 10, Issue 41, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202002108
Keywords
iodide process; silicon anodes; silicon microparticles; silicon nanowire clusters; silicon nanowires
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Funding
- Samsung SDI
- Stanford Nanofabrication Facility (SNF)
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Silicon shows great promise as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Nanostructuring silicon minimizes the impact of fracturing during charging and discharging. However, synthesizing nanostructured silicon typically requires complicated procedures with high manufacturing costs. Additionally, these complicated procedures typically have poor secondary particle formation, a requirement to achieve a high tap density. Here, a cost-effective synthesis procedure which generates nearly ideal secondary particle clusters of nanostructured silicon is developed. The cost-effectiveness is a result of the in operando generation of silicon iodide from iodine gas and low-grade silicon microparticle. Decomposition of silicon iodide into crystalline silicon and iodine gas enables recycling of the iodine gas, allowing for near full reutilization of iodine in the following cycles. The optimal nanostructures and microstructures of silicon synthesized by the recyclable iodide decomposition reaction enables 83.6% capacity retention over 1000 cycles. The good performance is a result of well-maintained morphology during cycling, enabling reutilization of the solid electrolyte interphase.
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