Journal
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages 503-512Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10080-x
Keywords
Structural valve deterioration; Immune system; Chemokine; Xenogenic
Funding
- University Hospital Foundation, Edmonton, AB
- Edmonton Civic Employees Charitable Assistance Fund, Edmonton, AB
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The study indicates that structural valve deterioration of bioprosthetic xenogenic tissue heart valves is associated with increased immune cell infiltration and the co-expression of several chemokines. Following the development of SVD, explanted valves showed significantly increased immune cell infiltration and an elevated chemokine gradient.
We aim to investigate whether structural valve deterioration (SVD) of bioprosthetic xenogenic tissue heart valves (XTHVs) is associated with increased immune cell infiltration and whether co-expression of several chemokines correlates with this increase in immune infiltrate. Explanted XTHVs from patients undergoing redo valve replacement for SVD were obtained. Immunohistochemical, microscopic, and gene expression analysis approaches were used. XTHVs (n = 37) were obtained from 32 patients (mean 67.7 years) after a mean time of 11.6 years post-implantation. Significantly increased immune cellular infiltration was observed in the explanted SVD valves for all immune cell types examined, including T cells, macrophages, B cells, neutrophils, and plasma cells, compared to non-SVD controls. Furthermore, a significantly increased chemokine gradient in explanted SVD valves accompanied immune cell infiltration. These data suggest the development of SVD is associated with a significantly increased burden of immune cellular infiltrate correlated to the induction of a chemokine gradient around the XHTV, representing chronic immune rejection.
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