Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 12, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v12101200
Keywords
exosomes; extracellular vesicles (EVs); viruses; pathology; HIV; ZIKA; retrovirus; herpes virus; coronavirus; therapeutics
Categories
Funding
- FIU Herbert Wertheim pilot grant, Miami Center for AIDS research(CFAR) at University of Miami School of Medicine pilot grant [NIH R01DA044998]
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Most cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between cells facilitates intercellular communication, amplification of cellular responses, immune response modulation, and perhaps alterations in viral pathogenicity. EVs serve a dual role in inhibiting or enhancing viral infection and pathogenesis. This review examines the current literature on EVs to explore the complex role of EVs in the enhancement, inhibition, and potential use as a nanotherapeutic against clinically relevant viruses, focusing on neurotropic viruses: Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, this review's scope will elaborate on EV-based mechanisms, which impact viral pathogenicity, facilitate viral spread, and modulate antiviral immune responses.
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