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Acute RNA Viral Encephalomyelitis and the Role of Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

Journal

VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 12, Issue 9, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v12090988

Keywords

encephalomyelitis; antibodies; central nervous system

Categories

Funding

  1. National Institutes of Health [R01 NS087539, NS038932, T32 AI 138953]

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Acute RNA viral encephalomyelitis is a serious complication of numerous virus infections. Antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) are correlated to better outcomes, and there is substantive evidence of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) entering the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing to resolution of infection. Here, we review the RNA viruses known to cause acute viral encephalomyelitis with mechanisms of control that require antibody or ASCs. We compile the cytokines, chemokines, and surface receptors associated with ASC recruitment to the CNS after infection and compare known antibody-mediated mechanisms as well as potential noncytolytic mechanisms for virus control. These non-canonical functions of antibodies may be employed in the CNS to protect precious non-renewable neurons. Understanding the immune-specialized zone of the CNS is essential for the development of effective treatments for acute encephalomyelitis caused by RNA viruses.

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