Journal
CURRENT DIABETES REPORTS
Volume 16, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
CURRENT MEDICINE GROUP
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0794-7
Keywords
Salivary amylase; Starch digestion; AMY1 copy number variation; Glucose homeostasis; Insulin; Metabolic syndrome
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Funding
- NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC014286] Funding Source: Medline
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Salivary amylase is a glucose-polymer cleavage enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands. It comprises a small portion of the total amylase excreted, which is mostly made by the pancreas. Amylases digest starch into smaller molecules, ultimately yielding maltose, which in turn is cleaved into two glucose molecules by maltase. Starch comprises a significant portion of the typical human diet for most nationalities. Given that salivary amylase is such a small portion of total amylase, it is unclear why it exists and whether it conveys an evolutionary advantage when ingesting starch. This review will consider the impact of salivary amylase on oral perception, nutrient signaling, anticipatory metabolic reflexes, blood sugar, and its clinical implications for preventing metabolic syndrome and obesity.
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