Journal
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100823
Keywords
Neuroblastoma; Prussian blue nanoparticles-based photothermal therapy; CpG oligodeoxynucleotides; Immune checkpoint blockade; Abscopal effect; Nanoimmunotherapy
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Funding
- Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation for Childhood Cancer's 'A' Award
- George Washington University Cancer Center
- University of Maryland
- National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health [R37CA226171]
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High-risk neuroblastoma, which is associated with regional and systemic metastasis, is a leading cause of cancer -related mortality in children. Responding to this need for novel therapies for high-risk patients, we have developed a nanoimmunotherapy, which combines photothermal therapy (PTT) using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-coated Prus-sian blue nanoparticles (CpG-PBNPs) combined with anti-CTLA-4 (aCTLA-4) immunotherapy. Our in vitro studies dem-onstrate that in addition to causing ablative tumor cell death, our nanoimmunotherapy alters the surface levels of co-stimulatory, antigen-presenting, and co-inhibitory molecules on neuroblastoma tumor cells. When administered in a syngeneic, murine model of neuroblastoma bearing synchronous Neuro2a tumors, the CpG-PBNP-PTT plus aCTLA-4 nanoimmunotherapy elicits complete tumor regression in both primary (CpG-PBNP-PTT-treated) and secondary tu-mors, and long-term survival in a significantly higher proportion (55.5%) of treated-mice compared with the controls. Furthermore, the surviving, nanoimmunotherapy-treated animals reject Neuro2a rechallenge, suggesting that the ther-apy generates immunological memory. Additionally, the depletion of CD4(+), CD8(+), and NK+ populations abrogate the observed therapeutic responses of the nanoimmunotherapy. These findings demonstrate the importance of concurrent PTT-based cytotoxicity and the antitumor immune effects of PTT, CpG, and aCTLA-4 in generating a robust abscopal effect against neuroblastoma.
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