Evidence-based understanding of disc hemorrhage in glaucoma

Disc hemorrhage is a characteristic finding that is highly associated with glaucoma development or progression. Consequently, the literature commonly designates disc hemorrhage as a risk factor for glaucoma progression; however, the exact cause-and effect relationship or mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence that disc hemorrhage is a secondary development that follows glaucomatous damage. As our understanding of disc hemorrhage has progressed in recent decades, we suggest the terminology be changed from risk factor to indicator of ongoing glaucomatous development or progression for a more accurate description, better indication of the clinical implications and, ultimately, a better guide for future research. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Disc hemorrhage is closely associated with glaucoma development and may be a secondary development of glaucomatous damage. It is suggested to be considered as an indicator of glaucomatous development or progression rather than a risk factor.