Journal
SMALL
Volume 16, Issue 42, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003425
Keywords
air spring; biomimetics; Salviniaeffect; super-hydrophobicity; underwater air retention
Categories
Funding
- German Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF within the VIP Project ARES (Air REtaining Surfaces) [03V0751]
- Baden-Wuerttemberg Stiftung
- European Commission (EC) within the H2020-project AIRCOAT (Air Induced friction Reducing ship COATing)
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [764553]
- State of Baden-Wuerttemberg within a Baden-Wuerttemberg Scholarship
- Projekt DEAL
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [764553] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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The ability of floating fernsSalviniato keep a permanent layer of air under water is of great interest, e.g., for drag-reducing ship coatings. The air-retaining hairs are superhydrophobic, but have hydrophilic tips at their ends, pinning the air-water interface. Here, experimental and theoretical approaches are used to examine the contribution of this pinning effect for air-layer stability under pressure changes. By applying the capillary adhesion technique, the adhesion forces of individual hairs to the water surface is determined to be about 20 mu N per hair. Using confocal microscopy and fluorescence labeling, it is found that the leaves maintain a stable air layer up to an underpressure of 65 mbar. Combining both results, overall pinning forces are obtained, which account for only about 1% of the total air-retaining force. It is suggested that the restoring force of the entrapped air layer is responsible for the remaining 99%. This model of the entrapped air acting is verified as a pneumatic spring (air-spring) by an experiment shortcircuiting the air layer, which results in immediate air loss. Thus, the plant enhances its air-layer stability against pressure fluctuations by a factor of 100 by utilizing the entrapped air volume as an elastic spring.
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