Journal
SHOCK
Volume 55, Issue 4, Pages 465-471Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001660
Keywords
Coagulation; coronavirus; COVID-19; embolism; thrombosis
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Patients with severe COVID-19 often develop hypercoagulability, which can improve with anticoagulant therapy. Viscoelastic coagulation testing provides an opportunity to tailor anticoagulant therapy based on individual coagulation status.
Patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) frequently have hypercoagulability caused by the immune response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 associated hypercoagulability is not fully understood, but characteristic changes include: increased fibrinogen concentration, increased Factor VIII activity, increased circulating von Willebrand factor, and exhausted fibrinolysis. Anticoagulant therapy improves outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 and viscoelastic coagulation testing offers an opportunity to tailor anticoagulant therapy based on an individual patient's coagulation status. In this narrative review, we summarize clinical manifestations of COVID-19, mechanisms, monitoring considerations, and anticoagulant therapy. We also review unique considerations for COVID-19 patients who are on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
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