Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 764, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142886
Keywords
COVID-19; Ozone profile retrievals; TROPOMI; Soft calibration; Lockdown
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFC0213104, 2016YFC0203302, 2017YFC0210002]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41722501, 41875043, 51778596, 41977184]
- Anhui Science and Technology Major Project [18030801111]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA23020301]
- National Key Project for Causes and Control of Heavy Air Pollution [DQGG0102, DQGG0205]
- National High-Resolution Earth Observation Project of China [05-Y20A16-9001-15/17-2, 05-Y30B01-9001-19/20-3]
- Civil Aerospace Technology Advance Research Project [Y7K00100KJ]
- Innovation Promotion Association, CAS
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During the outbreak of COVID-19 in January and February 2020 in China, production and living activities were drastically reduced, leading to a decrease in primary pollutants emissions. However, tropospheric ozone, a major secondary air pollutant, did not decrease uniformly and even rose in some areas. The increase in ozone concentration may potentially contribute to higher rates of COVID-19 infections, posing additional risks to human health. Therefore, the variation of ozone levels needs to be widely evaluated.
During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in January and February 2020, production and living activities were drastically reduced to impede the spread of the virus, which also caused a strong reduction of the emission of primary pollutants. However, as a major species of secondary air pollutant, tropospheric ozone did not reduce synchronously, but instead rose in some region. Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone may potentially promote the rates of COVID-19 infections, causing extra risk to human health. Thus, the variation of ozone should be evaluated widely. This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S-5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. We compare our TROPOMI retrievals with global ozonesonde observations, Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) observation at Hefei (117.17 degrees E, 31.7 degrees N) and Global Positioning System (GPS) ozonesonde sensor (GPSO(3)) ozonesonde profiles at Beijing (116.46 degrees E, 39.80 degrees N). The integrated Tropospheric Ozone Column (TOC) and Stratospheric Ozone Column (SOC) show excellent agreement with validation data. We use the retrieved TOC combining with tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) of NO2 and HCHO from TROPOMI to assess the changes of tropospheric during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Although NO2 TVCD decreased by 63%, the retrieved TOC over east China increase by 10% from the 20-day averaged before the lockdown on January 23, 2020 to 20-day averaged after it. Because the production of ozone in winter is controlled by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicated by monitored HCHO, which did not present evident change during the lockdown, the production of ozone did not decrease significantly. Besides, the decrease of NOx emission weakened the titration of ozone, causing an increase of ozone. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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