Artificial Intelligence Applied to Breast MRI for Improved Diagnosis

Background: Recognition of salient MRI morphologic and kinetic features of various malignant tumor subtypes and benign diseases, either visually or with artificial intelligence (AI), allows radiologists to improve diagnoses that may improve patient treatment. Purpose: To evaluate whether the diagnostic performance of radiologists in the differentiation of cancer from noncancer at dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) breast MRI is improved when using an AI system compared with conventionally available software. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective clinical reader study, images from breast DCE MRI examinations were interpreted by 19 breast imaging radiologists from eight academic and 11 private practices. Readers interpreted each examination twice. In the first read, they were provided with conventionally available computer-aided evaluation software, including kinetic maps. In the second read, they were also provided with AI analytics through computer-aided diagnosis software. Reader diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as a figure of merit in the task of distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions. The primary study end point was the difference in AUC between the first-read and the second-read conditions. Results: One hundred eleven women ( mean age, 52 years 6 13 [standard deviation]) were evaluated with a total of 111 breast DCE MRI examinations (54 malignant and 57 nonmalignant lesions). The average AUC of all readers improved from 0.71 to 0.76 (P = .04) when using the AI system. The average sensitivity improved when Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 was used as the cut point (from 90% to 94%; 95% confidence interval [CI] for the change: 0.8%, 7.4%) but not when using BI-RADS category 4a (from 80% to 85%; 95% CI: 20.9%, 11%). The average specificity showed no difference when using either BI-RADS category 4a or category 3 as the cut point (52% and 52% [95% CI: 27.3%, 6.0%], and from 29% to 28% [ 95% CI: 26.4%, 4.3%], respectively). Conclusion: Use of an artificial intelligence system improves radiologists' performance in the task of differentiating benign and malignant MRI breast lesions. (C) RSNA, 2020

Automated summary

In dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) breast MRI, the use of an artificial intelligence system improves radiologists' performance in differentiating benign and malignant lesions, with improvements in average sensitivity and AUC score.