Journal
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 3400-3408Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00396
Keywords
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Funding
- DST, New Delhi, India (DST Fast Track Scheme) [SR/FT/CS-03/2011 (G), SR/FST/ETI-284/2011(c)]
- SASTRA University
- MSIP
- POSTECH
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Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) compounds, 2-(2-((2-hydroxybenzylidine)amino)phenoxy)benzonitrile (1) and 2-(4-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidine)amino)phenoxy)benzonitrile (2) exhibited aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in the solid state and nanofabrication mediated white light emission. The strong intermolecular interactions (H-bonding, C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi center dot center dot center dot pi) restrict the free rotation and rigidify the fluorophores, 1 and 2, in the crystal lattice that lead to enhanced fluorescence in the solid state of 1 (yellow, lambda(max) = 535 nm, Phi(f) = 38%) and 2 (greenish-yellow, lambda(max) = 525 nm, Phi(f) = 21%). Surprisingly, nanofabrication of 1 and 2 produced metastable white light emitting nanoparticles (Phi(f) = 24% (1), 19% (2)) that slowly converted into stable yellow (1) or greenish-yellow (2) fluorescent nanoparticles with increasing time. The time dependent fluorescence, morphological, and metal ion interacting studies indicate the formation of soft nanoparticles in which both blue fluorescent cyanophenoxy and yellow/greenish-yellow fluorescent salicylidene group behave independently. 1 and 2 nanoparticles undergo morphological change from spherical to plates with increasing time. Thus, simple ESIPT molecules showed solid-state fluorescent and nanofabrication induced tunable fluorescence, particularly white fluorescent metastable nanoparticles.
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