Journal
NATURE MATERIALS
Volume 19, Issue 11, Pages 1236-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0768-7
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multi-University Research Initiative [MURI AFOSR-FA9550-15-1-0009]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-FA9550-10-1-0322, AFOSR-FA9550-17-1-0449, AFOSR-FA9550-18-1-0424]
- Army Research Office [ARO-W911NF-16-1-0208]
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Nature utilizes the available resources to construct lightweight, strong and tough materials under constrained environmental conditions. The impact surface of the fast-striking dactyl club from the mantis shrimp is an example of one such composite material; the shrimp has evolved the capability to localize damage and avoid catastrophic failure from high-speed collisions during its feeding activities. Here we report that the dactyl club of mantis shrimps contains an impact-resistant coating composed of densely packed (about 88 per cent by volume) similar to 65-nm bicontinuous nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite integrated within an organic matrix. These mesocrystalline hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are assembled from small, highly aligned nanocrystals. Under impacts of high strain rates (around 10(4) s(-1)), particles rotate and translate, whereas the nanocrystalline networks fracture at low-angle grain boundaries, form dislocations and undergo amorphization. The interpenetrating organic network provides additional toughening, as well as substantial damping, with a loss coefficient of around 0.02. An unusual combination of stiffness and damping is therefore achieved, outperforming many engineered materials.
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