Deep brain optogenetics without intracranial surgery

Achieving temporally precise, noninvasive control over specific neural cell types in the deep brain would advance the study of nervous system function. Here we use the potent channelrhodopsin ChRmine to achieve transcranial photoactivation of defined neural circuits, including midbrain and brainstem structures, at unprecedented depths of up to 7 mm with millisecond precision. Using systemic viral delivery of ChRmine, we demonstrate behavioral modulation without surgery, enabling implant-free deep brain optogenetics. Optogenetic control of neural activity in the deep brain is achieved without intracranial surgery using ChRmine.

Automated summary

Achieving precise control over specific neural circuits in the deep brain without surgery is possible using ChRmine, enabling behavioral modulation and optogenetic control of neural activity at unprecedented depths.