Journal
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 47, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abafd7
Keywords
III-V nanowires; MBE; surface free energy; growth direction
Funding
- Leverhulme Trust
- UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council-EPSRC [EP/P000916/1, EP/P000886/1]
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility
- EPSRC [EP/P000916/1, EP/P006973/1, EP/P000886/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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One of the nanowire (NW) characteristics is its preferred elongation direction. Here, we investigated the impact of Si substrate crystal orientation on the growth direction of GaAs NWs. We first studied the self-catalyzed GaAs NW growth on Si (111) and Si (001) substrates. SEM observations show GaAs NWs on Si (001) are grown along four directions without preference on one or some of them. This non-preferential NW growth on Si (001) is morphologically in contrast to the extensively reported vertical preferred GaAs NW growth on Si (111) substrates. We propose a model based on the initial condition of an ideal Ga droplet formation on Si substrates and the surface free energy calculation which takes into account the dangling bond surface density for different facets. This model provides further understanding of the different preferences in the growth of GaAs NWs along selected directions depending on the Si substrate orientation. To verify the prevalence of the model, NWs were grown on Si (311) substrates. The results are in good agreement with the three-dimensional mapping of surface free energy by our model. This general model can also be applied to predictions of NW preferred growth directions by the vapor-liquid-solid growth mode on other group IV and III-V substrates.
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