Journal
MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000179
Keywords
3D bioprinting; cell printing process parameters; cell viability; cell-friendly crosslinking
Funding
- DST-SERB, Govt. of India [SERB/F/5361/2016-17]
- DST Inspire Faculty Scheme, Govt. of India [DST/INSPIRE/04/2015/000742]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2016R1D1A3B01008280]
- 2018 Hongik university research fund
- IIEST, Shibpur
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016R1D1A3B01008280] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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This review discusses various cell printing techniques and their impact on cell viability, highlighting challenges and potential mitigation techniques, as well as emerging trends in cell printing.
In this review, few established cell printing techniques along with their parameters that affect the cell viability during bioprinting are considered. 3D bioprinting is developed on the principle of additive manufacturing using biomaterial inks and bioinks. Different bioprinting methods impose few challenges on cell printing such as shear stress, mechanical impact, heat, laser radiation, etc., which eventually lead to cell death. These factors also cause alteration of cells phenotype, recoverable or irrecoverable damages to the cells. Such challenges are not addressed in detail in the literature and scientific reports. Hence, this review presents a detailed discussion of several cellular bioprinting methods and their process-related impacts on cell viability, followed by probable mitigation techniques. Most of the printable bioinks encompass cells within hydrogel as scaffold material to avoid the direct exposure of the harsh printing environment on cells. However, the advantages of printing with scaffold-free cellular aggregates over cell-laden hydrogels have emerged very recently. Henceforth, optimal and favorable crosslinking mechanisms providing structural rigidity to the cell-laden printed constructs with ideal cell differentiation and proliferation, are discussed for improved understanding of cell printing methods for the future of organ printing and transplantation.
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