Journal
LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA
Volume 61, Issue 9, Pages 2208-2215Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1805111
Keywords
Multiple myeloma; pomalidomide; IMiDs; cyclophosphamide; MYC; immune microenvironment
Categories
Funding
- Celgene Pharmaceuticals
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Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with pomalidomide and dexamethasone have an overall response rate (ORR) of similar to 30% and median progression-free survival (PFS) of 4-5 months. Previous studies explored addition of weekly cyclophosphamide, but we hypothesized that daily dosing allows for better synergy. We report the open-label, single-center phase II study of pomalidomide, daily cyclophosphamide and weekly dexamethasone (PCD). Thirty-three patients were evaluable for efficacy and underwent 28-day cycles of pomalidomide (4 mg/day, D1-21), cyclophosphamide (50 mg b.i.d., D1-21) and weekly dexamethasone. All were lenalidomide-refractory and 55% were refractory to lenalidomide and proteasome inhibitor. ORR was 73%; median PFS and overall survival were 13.3 months and 57.2 months respectively. Grade 3/4 toxicities were primarily hematologic but manageable with dose reductions. Early disease progression correlated with MYC expression and flow cytometry demonstrates an activated microenvironment post-PCD. Addition of metronomic cyclophosphamide to pomalidomide and dexamethasone is a cost-effective, oral regimen with encouraging PFS.
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