Journal
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
Volume 404, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107006
Keywords
Volcano geology; Volcano stiatigraphy; Geochronology; Iceland
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Funding
- Research Fund of the University of Iceland
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The volcanic sequences in eastern Iceland provide a cross-section of magmatic activity from the Iceland rift system throughout the Miocene. This study focuses on a high precision age determination campaign of a single Miocene volcanic system, the Breiodalur central volcano and associated dyke swarm, in order to quantify its evolution. The central volcano consists of: a lower flank of mafic lavas erupted onto a basement of plateau basalts; an upper flank of intermediate and mafic lavas; an 8-10 km wide caldera with associated infill formations; and a summit sequence of lavas and tuffs. This study indicates that the central volcano had a lifespan of around 1 My, from 102-9.1 Ma. and started with mafic magmatism. Intermediate magmatism began around 10.04 Ma and the caldera formed between 9.8 and 9.5 Ma, evolving via multiple nested-caldera collapses. Effusive silicic magmatism was predominantly in the youngest sequences between 9.5 and 9.1 Ma. After 9.1 Ma the activity at the central volcano effectively ceased. The volcano became buried by plateau basalt sequences predominantly derived from eruptions at the associated Breiodalur dyke swarm. Activity on the dyke swarm began around 9.9 Ma and continued to until 7.8 Ma, an additional 13 My. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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