Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 142, Issue 40, Pages 16910-16914Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07169
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Funding
- European Research Council (Advanced Grant)
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Swedish Research Council (VR)
- U.S. National Institutes of Health
- Sweden's Innovation Agency (Vinnova)
- Swedish Strategy Group for EU Coordination
- U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1763337]
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In this work, open carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) with radius between 50 and 600 nm were used to control translocation of different-sized vesicles through the pipette orifice followed by nanoelectrochemical analysis. Vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC) was used to determine the number of catecholamine molecules expelled from single vesicles onto an inner-wall carbon surface, where the duration of transmitter release was quantified and correlated to the vesicle size all in the same nanotip. This in turn allowed us to both size and count molecules for vesicles in a living cell. Here, small and sharp open CNPs were employed to carry out intracellular VIEC with minimal invasion and high sensitivity. Our findings with VIEC reveal that the vesicular content increases with vesicle size. The release kinetics of vesicular transmitters and dense core size have the same relation with the vesicle size, implying that the vesicular dense core size determines the speed of each release event. This direct correlation unravels one of the complexities of exocytosis.
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