Journal
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Volume 110, Issue 1, Pages 458-466Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.023
Keywords
artemisinin; dihydroartemisinin; auto-induction metabolism time-dependent pharmacokinetics; hepatic first-pass effects; intestinal first-pass effects; systemic metabolism; hepatic extraction ratio
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81373364]
- Technology Innovation projects of Shanxi Platform Base and Talent Special Project [201805D211002]
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The study found that time-dependent pharmacokinetics of artemisinin drugs were mainly caused by the increased intestinal first-pass effect rather than hepatic first-pass effect or systemic metabolism. In contrast, dihydroartemisinin did not exhibit time-dependent pharmacokinetics.
Artemisinin (ART) drugs showed declining plasma concentrations after repeated oral dosing, known as time-dependent pharmacokinetics (PK). ART and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) were adopted as representatives to evaluate the roles of first-pass effects and systemic metabolism in time-dependent PK by comparison of oral versus intravenous administration and 1 dose versus 5 consecutive doses PK in rats and dogs, respectively. The hepatic extraction ratio (ERh) and the intestinal elimination changes were further investigated in rats to distinguish the roles of hepatic first-pass effect or intestinal first-pass effect. The induction capacities of ARTs to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in rats and human cells were evaluated as well. For ART, only the oral groups showed time-dependent PK. A fairly high ERh that obtained for ART was not sensitive to multiple oral doses. An increased elimination and CYP450 expression have also been found in the intestine. For DHA, though a significant CYP450 induction was observed, neither time-dependent PK nor changes in the first-pass effects was found. In conclusion, time-dependent PK of ART was mainly caused by the increased intestinal first-pass effect rather than hepatic firstpass effect or systemic metabolism. DHA was not involved in auto-induction elimination, thus showing no time-dependent PK. (C) 2020 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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