Leptin levels predict the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in a sample of adult men: the Olivetti Heart Study

Objective: A higher leptin (LPT) is associated with a greater cardiometabolic risk. Some studies also showed a positive association between LPT and cardiovascular organ damage but no consistent data are available about a predictive role of LPT on cardiac remodelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of LPT on the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a sample of adult men. Methods: The study population was made up of 439 individuals (age: 51 years) without LVH at baseline, participating in The Olivetti Heart Study. The ECG criteria were adopted to exclude LVH at baseline and echocardiogram criteria for diagnosis of LVH at follow-up were considered. Results: At baseline, LPT was significantly and positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, ECG indices, SBP and DBP but not with age and renal function. At the end of the 8-year follow-up period, there was an incidence of 23% in LVH by echocardiography. Individuals who developed LVH had higher baseline age, LPT, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and ECG indices (P < 0.05). Furthermore, those that had LPT above the median had greater risk to develop LVH (odds ratio: 1.7; P < 0.05). This association was also confirmed after adjustment for main confounders, among which changes in blood pressure and anthropometric indices. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a predictive role of circulating LPT levels on cardiac remodelling expressed by echocardiographic LVH, independently of body weight and blood pressure changes over the years.

Automated summary

The study demonstrated a positive association between higher leptin (LPT) levels and cardiometabolic risk as well as incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adult men. The results suggest a potential predictive role of LPT on cardiac remodelling, independently of changes in body weight and blood pressure over time.