Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
Volume 72, Issue 2, Pages 184-198Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa444
Keywords
Gels; inducible defenses; lignin; physico-chemical barriers; plant-pathogen interactions; structural defenses; suberin; tyloses; vascular pathogens; wilt
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [2016-78002-R, RyC 2014-16158]
- Ministry of Science and Innovation/Spanish State Research Agency [PID2019-108595RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, SEV-2015-0533]
- Netaji Subhas-Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) International Fellowship
- CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
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Xylem vascular wilt pathogens cause devastating diseases in plants by disrupting water and mineral transport, but plants develop physico-chemical barriers in xylem tissue to restrict the spread of these pathogens. These barriers compartmentalize and eliminate the pathogen at the infection site, contributing to plant resistance against xylem colonizers.
Xylem vascular wilt pathogens cause devastating diseases in plants. Proliferation of these pathogens in the xylem causes massive disruption of water and mineral transport, resulting in severe wilting and death of the infected plants. Upon reaching the xylem vascular tissue, these pathogens multiply profusely, spreading vertically within the xylem sap, and horizontally between vessels and to the surrounding tissues. Plant resistance to these pathogens is very complex. One of the most effective defense responses in resistant plants is the formation of physico-chemical barriers in the xylem tissue. Vertical spread within the vessel lumen is restricted by structural barriers, namely, tyloses and gels. Horizontal spread to the apoplast and surrounding healthy vessels and tissues is prevented by vascular coating of the colonized vessels with lignin and suberin. Both vertical and horizontal barriers compartmentalize the pathogen at the infection site and contribute to their elimination. Induction of these defenses are tightly coordinated, both temporally and spatially, to avoid detrimental consequences such as cavitation and embolism. We discuss current knowledge on mechanisms underlying plant-inducible structural barriers against major xylem-colonizing pathogens. This knowledge may be applied to engineer metabolic pathways of vascular coating compounds in specific cells, to produce plants resistant towards xylem colonizers.
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