Infliximab, Immunomodulators and Treatment Failures in Paediatric and Adolescent Patients with Crohn's Disease: a Nationwide Cohort Study

Background and Aims: In paediatric patients with Crohn's disease, the role of combination therapy, infliximab plus immunomodulators [thiopurine or methotrexate], is debated and data are sparse. We examined whether infliximab plus immunomodulators, compared to infliximab therapy alone, reduces the risk of treatment failure measured by intestinal surgery or switching type of anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] alpha agent within 24 months. Design: Using Danish registries, we identified patients with Crohn's disease, aged <= 20 years at the time of the first infliximab treatment, and retrieved data on their co-medications. We used Cox regression models to examine surgery or switching type of anti-TNF alpha agent from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2015. Results: We included 581 patients. The 2-year cumulative percentage of surgery was 8.5% among patients receiving combination therapy and 14.5% in those receiving infliximab alone. The adjusted 2-year hazard ratio [HR] of surgeries was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.88) in patients receiving combination therapy, compared to patients receiving infliximab alone. When examining a switch of anti-TNF-alpha we included 536 patients. Within 2 years, 18.3% experienced a switch among patients receiving combination therapy and 24.8% in patients treated with infliximab alone, corresponding to an adjusted HR of 0.66 [95% CI 0.45-0.97] in patients receiving combination therapy. Conclusions: The HR of intestinal surgeries and the risk of a switch to another anti-TNF alpha was reduced in paediatric and adolescent patients receiving combination therapy, compared to patients receiving only infliximab. These results suggest a benefit for infliximab therapy combined with immunomodulators, but these need to be confirmed in data with additional clinical information.

Automated summary

The study showed that pediatric and adolescent patients with Crohn's disease who received combination therapy of infliximab and immunomodulators had a reduced risk of intestinal surgeries and switching to another anti-TNF alpha agent compared to patients receiving infliximab alone.