Biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles inhibit human glioblastoma stem cells growth in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo

The importance of biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles has become increasing day by day. In the present study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) were synthesized fromKaempferia rotundatuberous rhizome extract to evaluate the antiproliferative activity against human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vivo in mice. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by colour change and UV-visible spectrum and characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA, AFM and FTIR.K rotundaand recently synthesizedZizyphus mauritianafruit extract-mediated Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibited 77.2% and 71% of GSCs growth at 32 mu g/mL concentration with the IC(50)values of 6.8 and 10.4 mu g/mL, respectively. Cell morphological studies and caspase-3 immunofluorescence assay revealed that both biogenic nanoparticles induced apoptosis in GSCs. Expression levels of several genes were checked by real-time PCR after treatment withK rotundatuberous rhizome-mediated Ag/AgCl-NPs. PARP, EGFR, NOTCH2 and STAT3 gene expression were decreased with the increase of NF kappa B, TLR9, IL1, TNF alpha, IKK and p21 gene that would be the cause of induction of apoptosis in GSCs. The cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M phase was confirmed by flow cytometric assay. Both nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally to rapidly growing EAC cells for 5 consecutive days. Approximately, 32.3% and 55% EAC cells growth were inhibited byK rotundatuberous rhizome-mediated Ag/AgCl-NPs at 6 and 12 mg/kg/day doses, respectively while only 20% cell growth inhibition was monitored at 12 mg/kg/day dose ofZ mauritiana-mediated Ag/AgCl-NPs. From the above results, it can be concluded that presently synthesized nanoparticles would be a potent anticancer agent.