Journal
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
Volume 389, Issue -, Pages 592-603Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.06.024
Keywords
CO2 electro-reduction; Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Operando X-ray diffraction; Operando Raman spectroscopy; Cu foam
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Funding
- CTI Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research (SCCER Heat and Electricity Storage)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200020_172507]
- interfaculty Microscopy Imaging Centre (MIC) of the University of Bern
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, ECatPEMFC) [FKZ 03SF0539]
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [INST 184/154-1 FUGG]
- RTG Nano-and Energy Research, Oldenburg
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Copper oxides have recently emerged as promising precursor catalyst materials demonstrating enhanced reactivity and selectivity towards C2 and C3 products like ethylene, ethanol, and n-propanol generated from the direct electro-reduction reaction of CO2 (denoted as CO2RR). Advanced operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to probe the potential-dependent changes of the chemical states of Cu species in the Cu oxide foams (referred to as CuxO) before and during the CO2RR. This complementary and holistic approach of 'bulk'- and surface-sensitive techniques demonstrates that the electro-reduction of CuxO foams into metallic Cu is completed before hydrocarbon (e.g., ethylene, ethane) and alcohol (e.g., ethanol, n-propanol) formation sets in. There are, however, substantial differences in the potential dependence of the oxide reduction when comparing the 'bulk' with the respective 'surface' processes. Only in the very initial stage of the CO2RR, the reduction of the Cu oxide precursor species is temporarily superimposed on the production of CO and H-2. Complementary identical location (IL) SEM analysis of the CuxO foams prior to and after the CO2RR reveals a significant alteration in the surface morphology caused by the appearance of smaller Cu nanoparticles formed by the reduction process of CuxO species. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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