Thermal, nonlinear, magnetic and faraday rotation properties of sol-gel diamagnetic glass /NaYF4: Fe, Ho3+: Role of magnetic ions

Ho3+ owns the biggest magnetic moment, stark splitting of energy and low-symmetry D-2 crystal field which make Ho3+ high polarizable and has been studied as dopant in several magnetic crystals. For the first time, Ho3+ doped sol-gel synthesized diamagnetic glass for nonlinear, magnetic and magneto optical study was reported. This paper reports the synthesis, structure, morphology and magnetization of hexagonal NaYF4:Fe, Ho nanorods and importantly, the influence of NaYF4:Fe, Ho to the thermal, nonlinear, magnetic and Faraday rotation of diamagnetic glasses through varies techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, Ultraviolet-visible spectra, different scanning calorimetry, thermal mechanical analysis, Z-scan, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and Verdet constant measurement. Experimental results discovered that the doping of Ho3+ and Fe3+ ions disturbed the self-assembly of NaYF4 while suppressed the length of nanorod. Due to its nanoscale, magnetization of NaYF4:Fe, Ho changed from diamagnetic to superparamagnetic. The doping of NaYF4:Fe, Ho increased the thermal stability and third nonlinearity. Glass with different amount of doping presented diamagnetism and paramagnetism due to the strongest magnetic moment, increased polarizability, electron transition of Ho3+ and d-d exchange of Fe3+ ions in glass matrix. Glass doped 2% of NaYF4:Fe, Ho glass showed the best magnetic, magneto optical performance and improved thermal stability and nonlinearity which can be ideal candidate for photonics, nonlinear and magneto optical applications. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Ho3+ doped sol-gel synthesized diamagnetic glass was reported for nonlinear, magnetic and magneto optical study. The hexagonal NaYF4:Fe, Ho nanorods were synthesized and their influence on the thermal, nonlinear, magnetic and Faraday rotation of diamagnetic glasses was investigated through various techniques. The doping of NaYF4:Fe, Ho improved the magnetic, magneto optical performance and thermal stability of the glass, making it an ideal candidate for photonics, nonlinear and magneto optical applications.