Journal
JOURNAL OF ADHESION
Volume 98, Issue 3, Pages 257-285Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2020.1830069
Keywords
Crystallinity; hydrogen bond; UF resin; melamine; amorphous; cross-linking; autocatalytic model
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A2C1005042]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A2C1005042] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Adding melamine to the UF resins can control the crystallinity, improve adhesion strength, and reduce formaldehyde emission.
Contemporary urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins with low-molar-ratio contain highly crystalline domains induced by the hydrogen (H) bonds between their linear molecules, which inhibits cross-linking, and results in poor adhesion. In this study, a novel way of controlling the crystallinity of such resins by preventing the formation of H-bonds using multi-reactive melamine during synthesis was reported. FTIR and(1)H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the shifting of the carbonyl (C = O) peak, and N-H signal. XRD patterns revealed the conversion of crystalline to amorphous domains by adding 20% melamine, resulting in a decrease in crystallinity from 52 to 22%. The amorphous UF resins cured faster, have higher molecular weight and cross-linking density, and also followed the autocatalytic reaction model with excellent theoretical fitting. In addition, a 33% increase in adhesion strength, and a 62% reduction in formaldehyde emission was recorded. Hence, the addition of 20% melamine into the UF resins leads to better adhesion and less formaldehyde emission.
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